Ultrapure Water
Ultrapure Water (UPW) is required to manufacture semiconductors, solar cells, and sterile pharmaceutical products. Consistent UPW quality is critical for product yields.
In sterile pharmaceutical product manufacturing, UPW is an ingredient for parenteral and other products to control endotoxin content and the final rinse of primary packaging materials. In the manufacture of semiconductors and solar cells, large quantities of UPW are critical for wafer cleaning, rinsing, surface conditioning, wet etching, solvent process, chemical mechanical planarization, and slurry production. The microelectronic industry uses as much as 750 billion liters per year of freshwater to produce UPW.
UPW is produced by removing impurities from drinking, river, or process water to meet high-quality standards, including >18.2MΩ-cm (18.2 Mohm) resistivity and other parameters measured down to parts per trillion. Gradiant employs robust and efficient process technologies, such as Selective Contaminant Extraction (SCE) and RO Infinity (ROI), in combination with electrodeionization (EDI) for make-up, primary, and polishing stages to produce UPW reliably.
Gradiant’s solutions for Ultrapure Water have the following benefits:
- Maximize water recovery rates in the make-up treatment stages
- Reduce costs and operational complexities by avoiding pre-treatment needs
- Reduce operating costs by using a single-stage enhanced EDI module polishing stage
- Simplify the design & construction of UPW systems by modularization
